A Syrian security source says the Israeli “aggression”, launched from Lebanese airspace, targeted military installations.
Israeli missiles have killed at least five people and wounded 19 others in central Syria, state media reported, citing local sources.
Sunday's attack also caused a fire and material damage near the town of Masyaf, west of Hama, according to SANA, Syria's official news agency.
An unnamed security official told SANA that Israel launched an “air attack” from Lebanese airspace against several Syrian military installations. The source added that Syrian air defenses engaged and shot down some of the missiles.
Israeli aircraft have launched strikes on Syria from Lebanon, likely to avoid Syrian airspace, where multiple regional and international forces operate, including those of Russia and the United States.
The director of Masyaf's public hospital said the victims were civilians, SANA reported.
Throughout Syria's 13-year civil war, Israel has periodically carried out airstrikes in the country, mostly targeting sites linked to Iran.
But the Israeli military does not confirm or comment on its operations in Syria.
Sunday's attack comes amid rising regional tensions as Iranian officials continue to vow to respond to the killing of Hamas chief Ismail Haniyeh in Tehran in July.
Iran, which maintains a military presence in Syria, had promised “harsh punishment” for Israel for the killing, but more than 40 days after the assassination, no Iranian attack has materialized.
Last week, Mohsen Chizari, a senior commander in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), said Iran's response would come “in due time.”
Iran launched a direct attack on Israel with hundreds of drones and missiles in April in response to Israel's bombing of an Iranian diplomatic facility in Damascus.
Israeli and US air defenses in the region helped shoot down most of the projectiles, minimizing damage from the attack.
Separately, Hezbollah carried out its own attack on Israel on August 25, in response to the killing of one of its top commanders in an Israeli airstrike in Beirut that also killed several civilians.
Israel had said it thwarted the operation with a preemptive strike, but the Iranian-allied Lebanese group said it successfully attacked an Israeli military intelligence site near Tel Aviv.
Cross-border hostilities between Hezbollah and Israel have continued on an almost daily basis. Hezbollah claims it is attacking military installations in northern Israel and the Syrian-occupied Golan Heights in support of Palestinians in Gaza, where the ongoing Israeli offensive has killed more than 40,900 people.
The Lebanese group has vowed to continue its military operations until the war in Gaza ends, while Israeli officials have promised to drive Hezbollah from the country's borders, even through all-out war if necessary.
