Alabama is set to carry out its first execution with nitrogen gas, as the US Supreme Court refused to intervene in the case of inmate Kenneth Smith, scheduled for 30 hours from Thursday.
Smith's execution follows a botched lethal injection in November 2022. Al Arabiya reported.
What is nitrogen hypoxia?
Nitrogen hypoxia, the novel method of execution, has generated controversy due to concerns about possible excessive pain or torture. The process involves inhaling lethal concentrations of nitrogen gas, causing asphyxiation or complete oxygen deprivation.
While lethal gas is widely authorized for execution in several states, only Alabama, Mississippi, and Oklahoma specifically allow nitrogen hypoxia, with Alabama being the only state to issue a public, albeit redacted, protocol.
Nitrogen, a colorless, odorless gas, is naturally present in the atmosphere and makes up approximately 75% of the air. However, its inhalation is only safe when mixed with sufficient oxygen.
How will the execution be carried out in Alabama?
The controversial method involves strapping the inmate to a stretcher and administering nitrogen through a gas mask, inducing oxygen deprivation leading to unconsciousness and ultimately death.
Alabama's protocol specifies the use of a NIOSH-approved Type C full-facepiece supplied-air respirator, similar to industrial masks that provide life-saving oxygen. The gas will be released during a certain time, linked to physiological indicators.
Why is the method controversial?
Controversy surrounds the method, with the US Chemical Safety Board highlighting the potential risks associated with nitrogen asphyxiation. Research studies indicate that even partial displacement of oxygen can have serious consequences, including breathing problems, permanent heart damage, nausea, vomiting, and impaired judgment.
Smith's legal team opposes using him as a “test subject for a lethal experiment.” The U.N. human rights office has urged Alabama to halt the execution, citing a lack of scientific evidence to prevent “serious suffering,” suggesting that nitrogen inhalation as a method could amount to torture or other forms of cruel, inhuman treatment. or degrading according to international standards. human rights law.
