India's Independence Day is celebrated every year on 15 August. The day commemorates the historic event that took place in 1947, when India gained independence from British colonial rule after nearly two centuries of subjugation. The struggle for independence was marked by a long and arduous campaign involving numerous freedom fighters and leaders who employed a variety of methods, from non-violent protests and civil disobedience, led by figures such as Mahatma Gandhi, to revolutionary activities orchestrated by groups such as the Indian National Army.
Independence Day 2024 Theme
India celebrates its 78th Independence Day with a focus on 'Viksit Bharat'.
In line with the Government’s vision, this year’s theme emphasises India’s journey to becoming a developed nation by 2047, marking the centenary of Independence.
History of Independence Day
The British East India Company initially came to India in the early 17th century for trading purposes, but gradually expanded its influence and control over the Indian subcontinent.
Following the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the Company began to establish its dominance, leading to widespread exploitation and oppression.
By the mid-19th century, the British Crown had taken direct control, formally instituting the British Raj in 1858 following the Rebellion of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence.
On 4 July 1947, the Indian Independence Bill was introduced in the British House of Commons. British rule came to an end after 200 years on 15 August 1947.
The British enacted the Indian Independence Act on 18 July 1947 and the entire act was the impetus for the Indian Independence Movement which had been active for a long period.
Negotiations between the British government and Indian leaders, including Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, led to the decision to divide the country into two separate nations: India and Pakistan. The aim was to meet the demands of the Muslim League, led by Jinnah, for a separate state for Muslims.
On 15 August 1947, India officially gained its independence. The transfer of power was marked by the raising of the Indian national flag and a speech by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of independent India, known as the “Rendezvous with Destiny” speech. That day also saw the partition of the subcontinent into India and Pakistan, leading to major demographic changes and communal violence.
Importance of Independence Day
Independence Day commemorates the end of a long and arduous struggle for freedom, which was marked by widespread mobilization of the Indian population, non-violent resistance led by figures such as Mahatma Gandhi, and numerous sacrifices by freedom fighters.
It also marked the establishment of India as a democratic republic and laid the foundation for a government “of the people, by the people and for the people”, emphasizing the principles of democracy, justice and freedom.
Independence Day is a multifaceted celebration that pays tribute to India’s past struggles, celebrates its present achievements and looks ahead to future aspirations. It is a day of national pride, unity and reflection, embodying the spirit of freedom and the constant quest to build a better nation for all its citizens.
How India Celebrates Independence Day
Although August 15 is a national holiday, various patriotic and cultural activities take place throughout the country. Celebrations are both official and public and include various ceremonies, events and displays of national pride.
The main event is held at the Red Fort in Delhi. The Prime Minister hoists the national flag and the national anthem is then sung. He addresses the nation, highlights the achievements of the past year, outlines the government's plans and pays tribute to freedom fighters.
The speech will be followed by a parade showcasing India's military prowess and cultural diversity, including performances by schoolchildren, tableaux representing different states and displays by the armed forces.
Across the world, people hoist the national flag, organise cultural programmes and hold special seminars on India's struggle for independence. It is a day of national pride and a time for Indians to remember their history, honour the sacrifices of freedom fighters and celebrate the nation's achievements and cultural heritage.
