In a country like India, where pediatric liver diseases are often diagnosed late, early detection and awareness can make a significant difference to a child’s long-term health and well-being.
While persistent loose stools in children are usually not a cause for alarm, they can sometimes indicate more serious underlying problems, such as liver dysfunction.
Persistent loose stools in children can be a worrying symptom for parents. While common gastrointestinal issues such as infections or food intolerances are often to blame, it’s important to consider other possible underlying causes. One such possibility, though less commonly discussed, is liver-related issues. In children, liver dysfunction can manifest in ways that overlap with more common digestive issues, so it’s vital for parents and healthcare providers to recognise the signs and act promptly. Dr Neelam Mohan, Senior Director and Head, Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Transplant, Gastrosciences, Medanta, Gurugram, speaks to us on the pressing issue of children and liver problems:
Liver disease in children: a growing concern
Liver disease is not as common in children as it is in adults, but can occur due to a variety of causes, including genetic conditions, infections, and autoimmune diseases. In India, pediatric liver diseases such as biliary atresia and Wilson's disease are becoming increasingly recognized, and it is estimated that 1 in 10,000 live births is affected by biliary atresia.
In India, liver diseases in children are underdiagnosed due to lack of awareness as early symptoms are often mistaken for common digestive problems. Paediatric liver transplants have been on the rise in India, with more than 300 transplants performed annually. This highlights the importance of early detection and treatment of liver diseases in children, which can significantly improve outcomes.
The relationship between loose stools and liver problems
The liver plays a key role in digestion, producing bile, a substance that helps break down and absorb fats. When the liver is not functioning properly, bile production can be impaired, leading to digestive disorders, including chronic diarrhea. Persistent loose stools, especially if they last more than a week, should be closely monitored for other symptoms that may indicate liver problems.
In children, the onset of liver disease is not always immediately apparent. While jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) is one of the most well-known signs, other symptoms, such as persistent diarrhea, can be a subtle indicator of underlying liver disease.
Symptoms of liver problems in children
In addition to chronic diarrhea, there are other symptoms that parents should look out for if they suspect their child has liver problems. These include:
- JaundiceOne of the clearest signs of liver dysfunction is jaundice, which is caused by the buildup of bilirubin in the body. If you notice a yellowish discoloration of your skin or eyes, it is important to see a doctor immediately.
- Swollen abdomen Liver problems can cause the liver or spleen to become enlarged, causing a child's abdomen to swell. This may be accompanied by pain or discomfort, particularly in the upper right side of the abdomen.
- Dark urine and pale stools Changes in the color of urine and stool are another warning sign. Dark-colored urine and pale or clay-colored stools suggest that the liver is not processing bile properly.
- Fatigue and weakness Chronic fatigue or weakness may also indicate liver dysfunction, as the liver plays a vital role in filtering toxins from the blood and providing the body with essential nutrients.
- Lack of appetite and weight loss If a child consistently refuses food, loses weight, or shows signs of malnutrition, it could be related to liver problems, particularly if other symptoms are present.
- Bruising and bleedingThe liver produces proteins necessary for blood clotting. When the liver is affected, a child may bruise easily or bleed from the nose and gums.
When to seek medical help
If your child has persistent loose stools for more than a few days, along with any of the symptoms mentioned above, it is critical that you seek medical attention. A pediatrician can perform a number of tests, including liver function tests, to determine if liver problems are the cause.
Parents should also be aware that conditions such as viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, and autoimmune hepatitis can affect children. Early intervention can prevent the progression of liver damage, and in many cases, liver function can be restored with proper treatment.
While persistent loose stools in children are not usually a cause for alarm, they can sometimes indicate more serious underlying problems, such as liver dysfunction. By being aware of additional signs and symptoms of liver problems, parents can ensure timely medical intervention. In a country like India, where pediatric liver diseases are often diagnosed late, early detection and awareness can make a significant difference in a child's long-term health and well-being.
